Manual hyperinflation combined with expiratory rib cage compression for reduction of length of ICU stay in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation.

OBJECTIVE: Although manual hyperinflation (MH) is widely used for pulmonary secretion clearance, there is no evidence to support its routine use in clinical practice. Our objective was to evaluate the effect that MH combined with expiratory rib cage compression (ERCC) has on the length of ICU stay and duration of mechanical ventilation (MV). METHODS: This was a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial involving ICU patients on MV at a tertiary care teaching hospital between January of 2004 and January of 2005. Among the 49 patients who met the study criteria, 24 and 25 were randomly assigned to the respiratory physiotherapy (RP) and control groups, respectively. Of those same patients, 6 and 8, respectively, were later withdrawn from the study. During the 5-day observation period, the RP patients received MH combined with ERCC, whereas the control patients received standard nursing care. RESULTS: The two groups were similar in terms of the baseline characteristics. The intervention had a positive effect on the duration of MV, as well as on the ICU discharge rate and Murray score. There were significant differences between the control and RP groups regarding the weaning success rate on days 2 (0.0% vs. 37.5%), 3 (0.0% vs. 37.5%), 4 (5.3% vs. 37.5%), and 5 (15.9% vs. 37.5%), as well as regarding the ICU discharge rate on days 3 (0% vs. 25%), 4 (0% vs. 31%), and 5 (0% vs. 31%). In the RP group, there was a significant improvement in the Murray score on day 5. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the use of MH combined with ERCC for 5 days accelerated the weaning process and ICU discharge.

Hiperinsuflação manual combinada com compressão torácica expiratória para redução do período de internação em UTI em pacientes críticos sob ventilação mecânica / Manual hyperinflation combined with expiratory rib cage compression for reduction of length of ICU stay in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation

OBJETIVO: Embora a hiperinsuflação manual (HM) seja largamente usada para a remoção de secreções pulmonares, não há evidências para sua recomendação como rotina na prática clínica. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da HM combinada com compressão torácica expiratória (CTE) na duração de internação em UTI e no tempo de ventilação mecânica (VM) em pacientes sob VM. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico prospectivo, randomizado e controlado com pacientes de UTI sob VM em um hospital acadêmico terciário entre janeiro de 2004 e janeiro de 2005. Dentre os 49 pacientes que preencheram os critérios do estudo, 24 e 25 foram randomicamente alocados nos grupos fisioterapia respiratória (FR) e controle, respectivamente, sendo que 6 e 8 foram retirados do estudo. Durante o período de observação de 5 dias, os pacientes do grupo FR receberam HM combinada com CTE, enquanto os controles receberam o tratamento padrão de enfermagem. RESULTADOS: Os dois grupos apresentaram características basais semelhantes. A intervenção teve efeito positivo na duração de VM, alta da UTI e escore de Murray. Houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos controle e FR em relação à taxa de sucesso no desmame nos dias 2 (0,0% vs. 37,5%), 3 (0,0% vs. 37,5%), 4 (5,3 vs. 37,5%) e 5 (15,9% vs. 37,5%), assim como à taxa de alta da UTI nos dias 3 (0% vs. 25%), 4 (0% vs. 31%) e 5 (0% vs. 31%). No grupo FR, houve uma melhora significante no escore de Murray no dia 5. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos resultados mostraram que o uso combinado de HM e CTE por 5 dias acelerou o processo de desmame e de alta da UTI.

OBJECTIVE: Although manual hyperinflation (MH) is widely used for pulmonary secretion clearance, there is no evidence to support its routine use in clinical practice. Our objective was to evaluate the effect that MH combined with expiratory rib cage compression (ERCC) has on the length of ICU stay and duration of mechanical ventilation (MV). METHODS: This was a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial involving ICU patients on MV at a tertiary care teaching hospital between January of 2004 and January of 2005. Among the 49 patients who met the study criteria, 24 and 25 were randomly assigned to the respiratory physiotherapy (RP) and control groups, respectively. Of those same patients, 6 and 8, respectively, were later withdrawn from the study. During the 5-day observation period, the RP patients received MH combined with ERCC, whereas the control patients received standard nursing care. RESULTS: The two groups were similar in terms of the baseline characteristics. The intervention had a positive effect on the duration of MV, as well as on the ICU discharge rate and Murray score. There were significant differences between the control and RP groups regarding the weaning success rate on days 2 (0.0% vs. 37.5%), 3 (0.0% vs. 37.5%), 4 (5.3% vs. 37.5%), and 5 (15.9% vs. 37.5%), as well as regarding the ICU discharge rate on days 3 (0% vs. 25%), 4 (0% vs. 31%), and 5 (0% vs. 31%). In the RP group, there was a significant improvement in the Murray score on day 5. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the use of MH combined with ERCC for 5 days accelerated the weaning process and ICU discharge.

Estresse oxidativo como evento determinante na síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo / Oxidative stress as determinant event acute respiratory distress syndrome

A lesão pulmonar aguda e sua forma mais grave, a síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo (SDRA), são complicações frequentes em pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva, sendo responsáveis pela alta mortalidade e morbidade. Embora seja considerada uma doença multifatorial, a presença do estresse oxidativo é denominador comum e determinante no mecanismo de lesão. A maioria dos estudos experimentais confirma a importância do estresse oxidativo na patogênese da SDRA. Novas estragégias terapêuticas vêm sendo tentadas, com base nos estudos clínicos e experimentais sobre patogênese da síndrome. O artigo destaca o papel do estresse oxidativo na patogênese da síndrome, por meio de apresentação dos mais recentes estudos na área. O texto objetiva também a desmistificação do tema estresse oxidativo apresentando definições e conceitos básicos.

Acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form, the acute respiratory distress syhdrome (ARDS), are frequent complications in critically ill patients and are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Although ALI and ARDS appears to be multilfactorial, a common denominator to most of the proposed mechanisms is the cellular damage mediated by oxidative stress. Evidence of oxidative stress and injury are common to most experimental models of lung injury and are corroborated in studies of patients with ALI/ARDS, underscoring the physiologic importance of these processes. New therapies strategies have been proposed based on clinical and experimental research results. The article approaches the role of oxidative stress on ALI/ARDS and also presents the main concepts of free radicals and antioxidants.